The Impact of Absent Fathers in Black Female Upbringing...

A father’s role in a child’s life is extremely important when it comes to a child’s development. With so much emphasis placed on young black boys needing their fathers during crucial developmental ages, the rate of our young black girls growing up without fathers is staggering and overlooked. What is an absent father? The definition is quite simple; an absent father can be defined as a father who is not present in the life of their child whether it is physically, emotionally, or both. Although the absence of a father is detrimental in any child’s life, the absence of such in a young black girl’s life is even more crucial. The absent father in a black girl’s life leads to, in some cases, promiscuity and teenage pregnancy, poverty, and†¦show more content†¦After all he was a complete stranger. I was fourteen and I felt like my life had been altered without my permission. I saw him once more after this initial meeting. We went to White Castle with my other siblings. As a child I struggled with my weight. I remember not ordering a lot of food. I didn’t want him to think I was fat. I made sure to be polite and engaging. I wanted him to accept me. I wanted him to like me. I talked about school. But I made sure not to brag about my good grades. He asked me about boys and although at the time there was a boy I liked, I didn’t dare tell him that. He laughed at my vague response and said he didn’t want to have to hurt some knucklehead boy. In that moment I felt safe, protected. It felt so good. Many of my friends in high school came from single parent fatherless homes like mine. A lot of us, especially my female friends, were looking for a filler of the void our father’s left in us. I found mine at the age of fifteen in a twenty year old named Jay. My mother never spoke to me about the dangers of unprotected sex. Most of what I learned about sex was taught through cable television and my friends. This was a dangerous way to learn about something as important as sex. There have been several studies that have indicated that living with only one parent, especially fatherless homes, is an indicator of early sexual behavior in adolescent African American females (Hogan and Kitagawa, 1985). From a daughter’s pointShow MoreRelatedBlack Male Success in Higher Education Essay2272 Words   |  10 Pagesthe issues as to why there are not more black men in higher education, by looking at the contributing factors such as environmental stressors, student’s percepti ons, racial identity issues, academic and social integration, family upbringing and the media. The attrition rate of African- American male students could be changed and decreased drastically. Increasing our understanding of these differences would enable us to better meet the needs of young black men. Summary of Articles African- AmericanRead MoreHegemonic Masculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity2763 Words   |  12 Pagesinstitution, and of recent making a great impact; the mass media. Primary Agents of Socialization: Immediate Family It is believed by many that the most influential agent of socialization is the immediate family. At a young age it is common for boys to mimic their father or older male sibling. In fact, the presence of a father or older male figure plays a vital role in shaping a child’s masculinity in comparison to a child living with only females. An article that focuses primarily onRead MoreThe End Of Chattel Slavery Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pageslighter people don’t mix. So from this research, I can determine that the purpose of chattel slavery could’ve been to prevent race mixing. Noting the text, â€Å"The Isis (Yssis) Papers†, written by Francess cress, the oppression of those of darker skin (blacks) by those of a lighter complexion (whites) was imperative for the genetic survival of the lighter skin race. According to Cress, the mistreatment of darker skinned people by whites is needed if whites want to survive on Earth. In the support of herRead MoreHSCO 500 Research Paper3620 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ Teen Homelessness in America Anthony Clary Liberty University HSCO 500 Dr. Alicia Adkins September 29, 2013 Abstract Evidence has shown that teen homeless across America is ongoing and impacts youth of all cultures and backgrounds. There are millions of youth that are homeless in the United States. The typical ages of homeless youth are eighteen and younger. In America the average youth becomes homeless by age fourteen (www.safehorizon.com). Youth canRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Single Parenting on the Family2540 Words   |  11 Pages Single-parent families are on the rise and they are becoming as common as the nuclear family, which consist of a father, mother, and children. Ninety percent of single-parent families are headed by females (Kirby). This drastic increase is causing a paradigm shift in how the family is viewed. A few decades ago, the typical American family was a nuclear family with the father as the breadwinner. Although traditions are fading, two-parent homes experience some of the same issues as single-parentsRead MoreEssay on Religious Justifications of Slavery in the C aribbean3525 Words   |  15 PagesChristianity. This underground form of Christianity more closely represents the true ideals of the Christian faith, and grossly illuminates the corruption of Christianity at the hands of the planters. During slavery many families were separated: fathers, mothers and children were attached to different plantations with the result that some never saw their family members again. The responsibility of bringing up the children rested primarily with the mothers and grandmothers. This situation gave riseRead MoreAin t No Making It Chapter Summaries Essay9177 Words   |  37 Pagesgovern the selection and combination of different syntactic and lexical constructions that are derived from social relations and roles within families. Shirley Brice Heath also focuses on linguistic patterns but uses race to explain her theory that black working class children are not socialized at home to use the language patterns used in school which hurts them academically. White working class children fare better as they develop many of the cognitive and linguistic skills required in school. PaulRead Moreeffect of parenting style on the academic development of children6694 Words   |  27 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Parents according to Longman Dictionary of contemporary English imply the father or mother of a person. It also went on to disclose its view on parenting as the skill or activity of looking after your own children. Davies (2000) opined that parenting (or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional social and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting style is a psychologicalRead MoreThe Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Students Achievements in Biology13494 Words   |  54 Pagesis; (i) To determined the role of school environment on the academic performance of the students. (ii) To identify the factors affecting the poor academics performance of students in Biology. (iii) To enlighten the parents and government on their impact on the academic achievements of the student. (iv) To evaluate the consequences of socio –economic status on students achievement. (v) To help the student combat with the challenges posed by science related subjects. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYRead MoreCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 Pagesprivate foundation. Martin planned to focus her career on private wealth. Despite the great amount of networking that her chosen career path required, Martin was very involved in the school community. She spent a lot of time working on projects for the Black Business Student Forum and the National Association of Women MBAs. Daren Onyealisi was originally from Nigeria and had been living in the United States for more than 10 years. He graduated from the University of Maryland with a degree in government

Special Students With Disabilities And Culturally Diverse...

â€Å"People of goodwill built the system we have today. People of goodwill can work together to build a better system going forward† (Freedman, 2012). Special educators face many ethical and moral challenges everyday. There are three areas challenge a special educators morals and ethics: inclusion, serving students with disabilities and culturally diverse needs, and access to grade appropriate general education curriculum for students with severe intellectual disabilities. Before discussing the present, let us look at the past to understand the future. During the 1970s, it is estimated around 20% of students with disabilities were receiving an education from a public school (Yell, 2012). Children with special needs were first provided access to public education programs with the signing of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) of 1975. The reauthorization of EAHCA changed the name to Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and included the ideas of free ap propriate public education (FAPE). FAPE should be defined in a child’s individual education plan (IEP) (Freedman, 2012). FAPE brings to mind inclusion. IDEA has made it illegal to not include children with disabilities in public education. The current idea of inclusion means involves the child with disabilities spending his/her day in the general education classroom (Yell, 2012). Ethically, teacher must make sure the child is receiving the most appropriate education and least restrictive environmentShow MoreRelatedLearning Disabilities And Diverse Students With Special Needs819 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article, Strategies for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students with Special Needs, the author describes the assessment and instructional issues related to culturally and linguistically diverse students with special needs. The article goes into detail to discuss the current trends, prevalence rates, and general guidelines for appropriate assessments when working wit h English language learners who are also diagnosed with special needs. The author also includes in the article, research-basedRead MorePublic Schools Should Not Be Classified As Disabled1270 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education programs. According to Salend (2002), disproportionate representation is defined as the presence of students from a specific group (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, language background, gender, etc.) is higher or lower than one would expect based on their representation in the general population of students. Although there have been many efforts to reduce the disproportion in special education, the trendRead MoreEthnic And Racial Discrimination Of Special Education1017 Words   |  5 PagesEthnic and Racial Disproportionality in Special Education Former Education Secretary Arne Duncan said The undeniable truth is that the everyday educational experience for many students of color violates the principle of equity at the heart of the American promise. It is our collective duty to change that (Ed.gov, 2012). This was in response to the U.S. Department of Education s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) findings reporting that minority students across the U.S. face tougher discipline, haveRead MoreRTI and Disporportionality in Special Education Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesDisproportionality, in special education, is the overrepresentation or under-representation of a particular population or demographic group relative to their presence in the overall student population (Ralabate, Klotz, 2007). There are many factors thought to contribute to disproportionality: cultural differences, lack of appropriate assessment strategies, socioeconomic status, race, and gender (Kanaitsa, 2010). Cultural differences pose several barriers for students and may impair their opportunityRead MoreMinority Groups And The Minority Group Within Special Education1698 Words   |  7 PagesDisproportionality refers to the overrepresentation or underrepresentation of a minority group within special education programs and services. The disproportionate representation of minority students in special education has been an ongoing and significant matter in education for decades. More and more minority children are being identified as disabled or having an intellectual disability or learning disability. However, in most cases the children are being misdiagnosed and consequently, are being discriminatedRead MoreSpecial Education in Classrooms Across America Essay708 Words   |  3 Pagesmust provide instruction that is culturally, linguistically appropriate as well as based on core standards. Special education gives children instruction based upon their unique needs based on a documented d isability. Student disabilities often involve mental, physical, emotional and behavioral issues that makes instruction a challenge. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related servicesRead MoreIndividuals with Disabilities Education Act Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) greatly emphasizes the participation of the child’s family during the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process. Parents and/or caregivers are considered one of the most essential members of their child’s IEP team. Their involvement benefits their child’s overall academic success. Unfortunately, full parental involvement does not always occur and there can be many different reasons for their nonparticipation. The IEP process can be a veryRead MoreMulticultural Education : Integrated Diverse Learners955 Words   |  4 Pagesis inte grated of diverse learners. Diversity in the United States includes race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, cultural heritage, ability, and disability. As teachers, we have to help meet all of the student’s needs, so they can reach their full potential. Offering programs to help diverse student will help them succeed in school and life. Teachers can respond to diversity by practicing multicultural education, gender equality, considering students for programs likeRead MoreThe Specific Learning Disability992 Words   |  4 Pagesexist in several categories listed, especially the categories of the Specific Learning Disability (SLD), Emotional Disturbance (ED), and Intellectual Disability (ID) ,(Gamm, 2007). Disproportionality is defined as the â€Å"overrepresentation† and â€Å"under-representation† of a particular population or demographic group in special or gifted education programs relative to the presence of this group in the ove rall student population (National Association for Bilingual Education, 2002). So many factors are responsibleRead MoreEssay on Diversity and Multicultural Education in the Classroom1561 Words   |  7 Pages language, socioeconomics, gender, family structure, and disabilities can all affect the ways in which we learn. Educators must take special measures in the delivery of classroom instruction to celebrate the learning and cultural differences of each of their students. As communities and schools continue to grow in diversity, teachers are searching for effective educational programs to accommodate the various learning styles of each student while promoting acceptance of cultural differences throughout

Minimum wage, good or bad Free Essays

Having a job had been a premiere concern for the people particularly when they have the strong desire to live. Nowadays, money seems to make the world go round. Without the valued piece of paper, we could not purchase the basic necessities in life such as food, clothing, shelter, and education. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum wage, good or bad? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Given this perspective, a person then would strive to earn the valued paper. As this is the case, some people then would try to look for suitable jobs. A person doing so should then take into account the information about minimum wages. MINIMUM WAGE Minimum wage is known to be â€Å"an important cornerstone of Government strategy aimed at providing employees with decent minimum standards and fairness in the workplace (â€Å"National Minimum Wage,† 2007).† It is in this case that minimum wages would be the basic pay that an employee would receive. I believe then that the minimum wage law is a clear indication then that the government is trying to adhere to the concept of justice and fairness. I see that the main purpose of the minimum wage law is to safeguard the working class from any abusive companies and the likes. This working people then are known to be workers (â€Å"The Definition of a Worker,† 2007) and the term employee would then be loosely used in this paper to pertain to workers. The question then is whether or not minimum wage is good for the people then my answer would certainly lead me to assert that it is good for the people. The concept of goodness or badness is not the issue here but I believe that the concept of bad and good would spring from the idea if whether or not minimum wage law is beneficial. After clarifying this point, my argument would then have to be lean towards proving the beneficence of minimum wage law particularly in the United States. Minimum wage is under the Wage and Hour Division. It was said that minimum wage is part of the labor laws that the United States of America has. It is dully under the Fair Labor Standards Act that employees should receive a minimum wage rate of $5.85 per hour as of July 24, 2007 (â€Å"General Information on the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA),† 2007).   This provision is used in order to address the growing economic factor of the land. It could be inferred that the increase in the minimum wage would be to address the growing cost of living. Employers then should be able to address these changes for the benefit of their employees and for the benefit of a good working condition and ambiance for the employees that would lead to an established quality of the goods to be products. Minimum wage law then has two beneficial outcomes. GOOD OR BAD? First is that since it was made to protect the workers, then this could be an assurance that the people who are working would have the fair amount of share from the labor that they have done for the employer. Also in connection to this perspective is that the workers would be protected against abusive employers. Without the Minimum Wage law then the employer could just impose on unfair hour rates and even unfair working hours. It could be seen then that a person who are naà ¯ve about the rules of the Labor domain would be lost. Realistically speaking, some employers could become abusive with the labor rights of their employees. The main reason for this would be a twisted sense of fairness and a dosage of greed. The Minimum wage law then would be an assurance to the workers that they are protected from these kinds of employers. The next step then that the government has to do is to ensure that the rules would be followed and that they should be able to uphold their own laws. Some countries are unfortunate when it comes to the implementations of the laws. The rules may be set but there could be some employers who would feed on the ignorance of their workers. This would be deceitful but as I have said earlier, this is greed that drives them.   Second is that it would also be beneficial for the employers as well. A healthy or conducive ambiance for work would mean that an employer could address the needs of the employees. The supposed needs then are the monetary factor of the work. If the employers could satisfy this basic need then the services could either be maintained or it will grow considerably. It was said that a person’s capability in his/her work may be related to the job strain that he/she would feel (Gretchen M. Spreitzer, 1997). If this is the case then the efficiency of a worker’s job would then be affected if his/her stressful disposition would not be improved. This stressful disposition may be due to the strain that he/she might be feeling when it comes to his personal matters. Some people may frown on this point since work ethics would declare that personal matters should not be mixed with business matters. But psychological impacts could not be easily dismissed in this case. A problem would then arise in the work place. The objective of the government then to put up this law is noble. But what should be taken into account then is the implementation of this law. People should then spread the awareness of this law so as those who are abused by their employers could clamor for their own labor rights. One of the problems in the labor sector is the wage problems and I believe that the minimum wage law could ensure that the rights of the workers could be fulfilled. The question of its beneficence then would be the next recourse. It could be inferred then that the beneficence of the said law then could be considered good. Since it was already stated before that the goodness or badness of the topic would be regarded through the beneficence that the law would bring then it would be remarked that the minimum wage law is a good output. It will safeguard the workers and it could ensure stability and fairness in the country. The social hierarchy may still be present but by giving a rule for the wages would help ensure that the poor who are trying to make a living would not be subjected further to the harshness or greed by other people. References The Definition of a Worker [Electronic (2007). Version]. The Minimum Wage and Therapeutic Work. Retrieved August 23, 2004 from http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file36956.pdf. Gretchen M. Spreitzer, M. A. K., Stephen W. Nason. (1997). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness, satisfaction, and strain (Publication. Retrieved August 23, 2007: http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1 How to cite Minimum wage, good or bad?, Essay examples

Physical And Mental Health Profile Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Physical And Mental Health Profile. Answer: Introduction The essay discusses the physical and mental health profile of the client Miss G for interview and completion of a Comprehensive Health History. She is a student part time retail assistant lives in City Apartments, Wintec, Hanultan, New Zealand. She was born on 19 October 1997 and in a De Facto relationship. She underwent cheiloplasty, nasal repair, alveolar bone graft and fistula repair, tip rhinoplasty, toe repair, eardrum repair (tympanoplasty) and rhinoplasty. The essay also discusses the purpose of subjective data, the rationale for the health history, client's strength, and health risks, the importance of client education and health promotion and developmental considerations. Brief description of client The chosen client for the interview is Miss G who is 19 years old female. She is a student part time retail assistant and a New Zealand European with English proficiency and knows the Spanish and Maori language. Her family members include her mother, father, oldest brother and younger sister. She underwent cheiloplasty, nasal repair, alveolar bone graft and fistula repair, tip rhinoplasty, toe repair, eardrum repair (tympanoplasty) and rhinoplasty. Her general health is good; however, has a mental health history of depression and chronic mood swings when her parents got divorced. Purpose of gathering subjective data Subjective data is an essential component of health assessment of a client that involves the collection of information through effective communication (Reyes Rosso, 2012, p. 756). In this data, the patient provides information about the physical symptoms and how one feels about it. This information helps to know the degree of pain that the patient is going through like discomfort, itching, pain or any abnormal sensations (Stumblingbear-Riddle Romans, 2012, p. 1). In the subjective data provided by Miss G provides information about her past abdominal pain, mental health status and allergies. The subjective data also comprises of the experiences like vomiting, coughing or muscular spasms (Forbes Watt, 2015, p. 175). In such kind of data, health beliefs are also mentioned that provide information about their attitudes, beliefs and perceptions (Coulter, Locock, Ziebland, Calabrese, 2014, p. 348). Collection of subjective data also encompasses feelings, sensations, desires, beliefs, ideas, personal information, ideas and values. This is important to know about the past medical history for the correct diagnosis, plannursing goals and develop interventions according to the subjective data provided by the patient (Crisp, Douglas, Rebeiro, Waters, 2016, p. 245). Rationale for each component of the health history The rationale for obtaining past medical history is important as it contains pieces of information that help to know about the current and past health history of the client (Cole Bird, 2013, p. 325). The diagnosis helps to provide information about the various aspects of mental and physical health conditions like depression, retardation, hypertension or other medical conditions (Jones, Jones, Del Campo, 2013, p. 115). The known allergies also provide information about the allergies to food, medications or any bee sting and plan to avoid those the client is allergic to. Past family history, information up to three generations is important to know about the environment, lifestyle and genes (Thornton, 2013, p. 456). It gives us a clue of the medical conditions that are inherited in the family tree. The pattern of inheritance also provides information about the patterns of disorders and the risk for developing that particular condition. Personal strengths, health beliefs, social activi ties and stress management information is important as these factors also affect the quality of life and health outcomes (Hareven, 2013, p. 305). Clients strengths related to health and well-being The client personal strength is that she is dedicated to her study and work. She is a hardworking girl, high family oriented, multitasking, pursue task, and love to take challenges. Her life values and personal beliefs are her strengths that help her to lead a happy and contended life. She values respect a lot and are always kind to others irrespective of the person. She respect elders, put them at first and believes that they are experienced people and one always keeps learning from them. As she is a hardworking girl, she believes that it is the key to success and very thankful to the Almighty. She believes that education is the foundation for a successful life and one should never take his or her life for granted. This assessment is necessary to avoid any kind of conflict with the clients personal beliefs and increased participation of the patient in the care plan and decision-making process. The clients risks to health and well-being As such, Miss G has no risk to her health and well-being as she maintains a healthy lifestyle with proper rest and weight and nutritional management. However, she had a past mental history of chronic mood swings and depression. This took place when her parents got divorced. This poses a risk to her health and well-being as it has a detrimental effect, as she is family oriented and respect elders. She is bonded with her family, and parents separation negatively affected her. Her birth mother has a migraine that might act as a risk factor for her that affects her physical and mental health status. In addition, her mother also suffers from depression, post-traumatic stress disorder migraine and hypotension. She is at risk as she might also develop any of these mental health disorders, as there are chances of inheritance. She had undergone seven surgeries that have deteriorated her quality of life and well-being. Her father suffers from high cholesterol that might also act as a risk fact or, although she leads a healthy and active lifestyle. The family history of Miss G also suggests that depression, high diabetes and mental health problems run in the family that can be the biggest health risk factor for Miss G. Health promotion/client education Health promotion and client education is important for the patients to motivate and encourage them to seek good health that acts as a desirable state by adoption of healthy practices (Srensen, et al., 2012, p. 80). Health promotion through the adoption of healthy lifestyles and advertising of healthy practices help them to avoid the unhealthy lifestyles and behavioural factors that might put one at risk. Client education is vital as it provides information on how to maintain good health. Client education is a type of educative strategy that has a preventative objective to help client adopt healthy behaviour and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Education provided to the client by a healthcare professional is an important tool for the management of care plan, provide preventative measure and promote good health for a quality living (Schulz Nakamoto, 2013, p. 5). Apart from health literacy, health promotion is necessary for the client to enable him or her to increase control over the health and improve it and exercising control over the determinants of health. In the given health, history of Miss G, the client education and health promotion is required in terms to empower her to lead a normal life after her past surgeries. Client education would help her to have an improved understanding of her medical conditions, manage the multiple aspects of her health and have self-advocacy to act independently and increase her compliance and motivation. When she would be educated about her medical condition, it would help her to respond well to her treatment and care plan with less complication. Educating Miss G would also help to enhan ce her safety and cope with her stress and anxiety related to her health condition. Developmental considerations Developmental considerations are important as every person has different capacity to understand, comprehend and integrate the concepts of loss and separation and physical finality (Ng, et al., 2012, p. 340). As Miss G is an adult, she can accept her physical conditions and the separation of her parents. However, she is a very family-oriented person and respect elders, so it was difficult for her to cope up with her parents divorce and separation. Due to this, she had depression and chronic mood swings as mentioned in her mental health history. This shows that for her developmental considerations, it is important to provide her emotional and psychosocial support so that she can cope up with the stress and pain of her parents separation. Counselling can also be provided to her as a part of the developmental consideration and promote self-advocacy. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that she underwent a health screening consisting of STD and STI swab test as she reported abdominal bleeding. She was screened for ectopic pregnancy and ovarian cysts. She has an allergy from bees and mosquitoes that cause swelling in the infected areas, instant dizziness, acute burning and itchy pain at the infected area. The purpose of subjective data is to know about the past medical history for the correct diagnosis, plannursing goals and develop interventions according to the subjective data provided by the patient. The health template is helpful in increasing her control over her health and improves her condition. In addition, it is important for the client education and health promotion to help her lead a normal life. References Cole, S. A., Bird, J. (2013). The Medical Interview E-Book: The Three Function Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Coulter, A., Locock, L., Ziebland, S., Calabrese, J. (2014). Collecting data on patient experience is not enough: they must be used to improve care. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 348. Crisp, J., Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G., Waters, D. (2016). Potter Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing-Australian Version-eBook. Australia: Elsevier Health Sciences. Forbes, H., Watt, E. (2015). Jarvis's Physical Examination and Health Assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hareven, T. K. (2013). Transitions: The family and the life course in historical perspective. Elsevier. Jones, K. L., Jones, M. C., Del Campo, M. (2013). Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ng, J. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 325-340. Reyes, A., Rosso, P. (2012). Making objective decisions from subjective data: Detecting irony in customer reviews. Decision Support Systems, 754-760. Schulz, P. J., Nakamoto, K. (2013). Health literacy and patient empowerment in health communication: the importance of separating conjoined twins. . Patient education and counseling,, 4-11. Srensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., Slonska, Z., Brand, H. (2012). Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC public health, 80. Stumblingbear-Riddle, G., Romans, J. S. (2012). Resilience among urban American Indian adolescents: Exploration into the role of culture, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and social support. . American Indian and Alaska native mental health research (Online), 1. Thornton, A. (2013). Reading history sideways: The fallacy and enduring impact of the developmental paradigm on family life. University of Chicago Press.

A Rose For Emily Essays - To Kill A Mockingbird, Calpurnia, Emily

A Rose For Emily Reading To Kill A Mockingbird and A Rose For Emily I noticed several differences and likenesses. I would like to convey my thoughts to you. Females in "A Rose For Emily" are depicted as reclusive, crazy, and nosy. Females in "To Kill A Mockingbird" are depicted as smart, outgoing, and full of pride. For example, Emily and Aunt Alexandra are both full of pride. Emily is so full of pride that when she finds out that Homer Barron is not going to marry her and that he is gay that she kills him. She lets the town think that they are married. When in fact she kills him. Emily is afraid of what the town will say about her. Aunt Alexandra is full of a different kind of pride. She is full of family pride. She always tell Jem and Scout about their family tree and history. She also cares about what the town says about them. Aunt Alexandra doesn't want the town to think badly about the Finch family. Emily is a sad figure. She doesn't let anybody befriend her. She barely even talks to her servant. Even when people come to talk to her she either meets them at the door to tell them to go away or she gets her servant to tell them to go away. She is also a recluse. She hardly if ever goes out. Her servant is occasionally seen at the market buying food, but other than that nobody ever goes out from the household. Calpurnia from "To Kill A Mockingbird" is also a sad figure. She has to compromise with the white society that discriminates against blacks. She has to compromise with Aunt Alexandra. She has to do what Aunt Alexandra says even though she does not agree with her. Calpurnia is though, admirable because she has made the best of her opportunities. She is like a member of the Finch family. She has been with them since Mrs. Finch died. In conclusion, Emily has not done the best with her opportunities. She has given up on the world and so she withdrew into her own little world. Emilyis a sad and lonely lady and will die sad and alone. She could have so much more if she only tries, though.

Business Management Effective Decisions

Business Management Effective Decisions Characteristics of poor decisions Decisions are the driving force of an organization, the quality of decisions made leaders determine the effectiveness and success of an organization. The quality of decisions differentiates effective and ineffective leaders; effective decisions are characterized by timeliness, quality, acceptability and the responsiveness of to the prevailing situation in an organization. When decisions made in an organization are poor, the following are the main characteristics:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business Management: Effective Decisions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reduced production and high rate of inefficiencies: poor decisions leads to low productivity within an organization, the decisions are not responsive to the demands of the market and the cost of production is relatively high than the normal rate. De-motivated staff/personals: when managers make poor decisions th ey hardly involve their subordinates in the decision, the staffs when they learn of the new approach to business are not willing to undertake the duties and responsibilities given thus they become de-motivated and their morale of working reduces. Unsatisfied customers: poor decision means that the customers fail to get the right quality and quantity of the products they buy from the company, when this happens there are chances that they become unsatisfied and probably move to competitor products (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). Three ways of Resisting Requests to Act Unethically In all professions acting ethically is advocated for, however there are chances that some one finds him or herself in a situation likely to compromise his or her integrity; in some instances there are some actions that professionals should take to uphold and keep their integrity despite the challenges, they include: Have high self Integrity and moral standings: this happens at an individual level w here someone is advised to understand he or she has a duty to act ethically regardless of the situation he or she is going through. When people respect their moral standings, then chances that they will be corrupt and entertain unethical behaviour is minimal. Understand the ethical frameworks: when in an organization, or in once career, it is always good for one to have an understanding of the ethical attributes that one is required to uphold. When someone understands the attributes, then they should act within that framework.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Act professionally: regardless of once profession, when someone is acting professionally, chances that he is going to go against ethical standards as required is low, thus if people where to uphold high levels of professionalism, then ethical behaviour can be maintained fully. Three ways you can choose to Lead Ethically To act ethically someone needs to take some deliberate moves and decisions; the following are the best approaches to acting ethically: Understanding the ethical standards of the particular profession: when someone understands the boundaries and requirements of a certain profession, then he will be able to act ethically within the frameworks of the profession Uphold self virtues: people who have good virtues and who observe them are more likely not to be corrupt with unethical behaviours; with the notion and understanding, people should work towards having high self values that they respect and uphold to. Update ones skills and knowledge on ethical behaviour: as the world integrates and develops, there is focus on certain areas in the community; the developments may lead to ethical issues if someone is not well informed. Leaders need to be well informed of the changes occurring in the world to assist them lead ethically (Cornelius, Todres, Janjuha-Jivraj, Woods Wa llace, 2008). References Cornelius, N., Todres, M., Janjuha-Jivraj, S., Woods, A. and Wallace, J. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Social Enterprise. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 355-370. Mallor, J.P., Barnes, A.J., Bowers, T., Langvardt, A.W. (2010). Business Law: The ethical, global,and ecommerce environment. New York : Irwin/McGraw Hill.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business Management: Effective Decisions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Critically assess Jack Donnellys claim that human rights have become a Essay

Critically assess Jack Donnellys claim that human rights have become a hegemonic political discourse, or what Mervyn Frost calls settled norms of contemporary international society' - Essay Example The basic human rights of millions of people around the globe continue to be exploited.3 According to Jack Donnelly, human rights have become a hegemonic political discourse. Based on this assertion, human rights have been diluted with extensive political interferences. Additionally, this statement underlines that the powerful nations are increasingly dictating on the nature of human rights within the poor countries in the developing world.4 This perspective undermines the very goal of human rights-to promote equality and freedom among people from all walks of life. There are numerous perspectives towards the framework of human rights. Racial discrimination is among the most notable dimensions of human rights. This is epitomized by famous human rights activists like Martin Luther King Jr. His contribution towards the cause of human rights remains even today. His ideologies towards human rights have greatly contributed towards making the modern society increasingly equal. Despite the efforts of such people, powerful nations continue to influence other countries on the di rection that is supposedly acceptable for human rights. For instance, the extensive fighting in the Middle-East region over the past decades is a notable dimension of how human rights have become a hegemonic political disburse. Hundreds of thousands have been killed in these fights. In essence, the fighting has been largely triggered by political factors such as clamour for power and dominance. In view of these kinds of aspects, it is extremely pertinent to evaluate Jack Donnelly’s claim about the development of human rights as a hegemonic political discourse. This research narrows down on these perspectives while also evaluating the distinctive dimensions of human rights in the modern world. Human rights comprise of numerous dimensions. Within some contexts, human rights might refer to the prevention of any aspect of human exploitation. Within this context, human rights seek to protect

The Port Authority Trans Hudson (P.A.T.H.) Term Paper

The Port Authority Trans Hudson (P.A.T.H.) - Term Paper Example By the close of the 2011 fiscal year, the ridership had risen to over 250, 000 (Carleton 4) There are a number of rail services in the country, which exists independently, in New Jersey, Manhattan, and Hoboken, the PATH uses underground rail networks, this allows for convenience and reduces the chances of accidents as the train rapid train services travels at speed exceeding 200kilometer per hour. As the rail system approaches the New York city, its rail system crosses or runs adjacent to other independently existing rail service providers such as the New York city subway. Despite the closeness of the rails or the crossing patterns of the rail system, PATH uses only its rail system without overlapping or running on other company’s system. Currently the PATH has grown and increased its infrastructure to sustain the current statistics of ridership and intercity connections. This is a reflection of effective management and infrastructural transformations successfully implemented by the port authority during its take over in the 19590s. PATH originally known as Hudson and Manhattan Railroad dates back to before the first New York subway the railroad was first planned in 1874. In the plan, the railroad was to connect New York and New Jerseys while passing through such adjacent neighborhoods as Hudson. The construction could not take effect as the available infrastructure could not effectively tunnel the railroad below the Hudson River. The construction began in 1890 but stopped again in 1900 as the company ran out of funds. When the company through the help of a young Tennessee lawyer, William Gibbs McAdoo secured the funding in 1992, the construction resumed but the company had to change tact as McAdoo became the chief executive officer of the rail system. He called for the application of better technology in the construction of the underground tunnels; the constructor therefore employed the use of tubular cast iron plating. Te tubular cast iron had higher t ensile force and could therefore resist more tension than the compact wrought iron that the company had previously used. The construction of underground rail required a lot of precaution, at some places the ground was soft and readily gave way burying the workers. The company had to take act cautiously while employing the best technology that could safeguard the million plus travelers who would eventually use the system. The rail system was guided by the need to secure the safety of both the passengers and the rest of the society. The company therefore needed to minimize incidents of accidents; this informed the idea of either underground or over ground networks. In the neighborhoods of Grove Street in Jersey City all the way to Newark, the rail system runs at ground level and in raised trucks (Davies 166). The choice of what type of rail to use at the different places was informed by the complexity of the area’s planning. The Groove street was already populated by the time t he rail network was laid, it thus become impossible to displace the people and destroy the buildings, furthermore, the ground is a wetland which proved cumbersome to navigate and install the underground tunnels. The first train journey took place in 1907 between Hoboken and the 19th street. The management at the time lived through some

A Critical Evaluation of How Muslims Living in Britain Can be Both Essay

A Critical Evaluation of How Muslims Living in Britain Can be Both British and Muslim - Essay Example Issues of identity in Britain have largely centred on the concept of ‘otherness’. Muslims were considered ‘aliens’ in the 1950s and 1960s. The term ‘alien’ means otherness, and also means difference, threat, and inequality (Ahmad and Sardar, 2012: 2). Towards the latter part of the 20th century, cultural difference became very popular and otherness became the latest thing. Difference is no longer intimidating; and otherness today is valued for its commercial aspect, the exoticism and delight it could provide. Still, identity has been one of the most important concerns for Muslims living in Britain. Contrary to earlier thoughts on identity, which view it in quite permanent terms, the present belief is changeable and continuously influenced by the evolving environment. This essay critically evaluates how Muslims living in Britain can be both British and Muslim. This essay analyses the historical events, social and political aspects, and cultural f actors that contributed to the creation of a distinctive Muslim identity. The different features of identity class, ethnicity and religion are believed to be subjected to historical dynamics, and it is viewed as being continuously reinterpreted and recreated according to external and internal factors. The diverse and worldly characteristic of British society is believed to create various opposing identities. A large number of Muslims living in Britain have had to harmonise their religious and ethnic features at the individual and societal levels. All have been made difficult by drastic cultural and social transformation in the latter part of the 20th century, forcing them to adjust and compromise (Norcliffe, 2004). As the impact of the cultural and societal norms from which they came from on behaviour and beliefs has disappeared with the appearance of a bigger population of Muslims born and educated in Britain, they have become more and more integrated into the British society. Bein g British and Muslim A national narrative that includes Islamic history would allow Muslims, especially younger generations of Britain-born Muslims, to understand how much of their own traditions are an important aspect of British traditions. This would help present and future generations gain a strong identity as British Muslims. However, there is a much larger benefit to be gained from Britain’s acceptance of its Islamic influences and the acceptance by British Muslims that British traditions are an important aspect of Islamic culture. Diasporas have historically influenced Islamic societies. Even the Prophet Muhammad moved from his homeland; and the community he formed in Medina were shaped by a diaspora (Ahmed, 2012). The historical Islamic culture was formed not by Arabs but by groups from Africa, the India, and central Asia. The Abbasid caliphate, widely viewed as the high point of Islamic learning and wisdom, was the product of a diaspora. The autonomous Muslim states that were built in the 20th century, like Malaysia and Pakistan, were usually formed in Britain by a diaspora (Gould, 2011). British Muslims can take advantage of this history to change Islam, as well as Muslim societies across the globe. The British Muslim scholars consider Britain as a perfect site of change. The study of Waqar Ahmad shows that British Muslim scholars have a dream of a democratic and diverse Islam. There are major internal changes that reveal â€Å"the fruition of a tangible Muslim consciousness among Muslim communities† (Ahmad and Sardar, 2012: 8). Muslims adapt to socially created and faith-oriented identities, and carefully choose how they define themselves. They made use of British history to defend their status like on Islamic schools, they formed their public

Labour Laws in India

Labour Laws in India INTRODUCTION Labor law is also known as the Employment Law. The Indian Constitution provides basis of laws to regulate the employment in India. These laws are collectively known as the Labor Laws or the Industrial Laws. In other words it is the â€Å"body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations†. These set of laws provide the basis for any sort of interaction or mediation between the employers and the trade unions. It defines the legal boundary of the rights of both the employers and the employees at the workplace. The labor laws widely cover the following: a. Industrial Relations b. Health and Safety at Work Place c. The standards which the employers should adhere to which includes but is not limited to holidays, leaves, dismissals, minimum wage and the like. This study is primarily based on the Industrial Relation aspect of the Labor Laws. If we look into the history of labor laws we see that the need to formulate labor laws arose because of the employees demanding better working conditions and the simultaneous demands by the employers to restrict the powers of the employees in the organization. The employers feared that the trade unions may transcend the industrial disputes and gain unsolicited political powers. The ILO or the International Labor Organization was the first official body to deal with these problems. It was established as an agency of the League of Nations following the Treaty of Versailles, which was an indication of the end of the World War I. Now we focus on the Industrial Relation aspect of the Labor Laws. Industrial Relations, as the name suggests primarily deals with the employees and the management which result directly or indirectly from the employer-employee relationship. It particularly deals with the relationship between the organization and a group of workers generally known as the Trade Unions. It pertains to the study of free collective bargaining, trade unionism, and the labor-management relationships. As per the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 Industrial Relations can be defined as the relation between employer and employees, employees and employees and employees and trade unions. Labor relations can be realized at any level of the work place like the shop floor, regional level or at the national level. Few characteristics of Industrial Relations: a. It is non-existent if the parties involved i.e. trade union and the employer are absent. b. It may include both conflict and co-operations. c. It may cover important environmental issues like a country’s technology prowess, socio-political environment, economic environment etc. d. It incorporates the laws made by the government to govern the employer-employee relationship, awards of courts, and the interference patterns of the judiciary on the labor-management relations regulations. In reality the concepts involved in Industrial Relations come from a wide variety of fields ranging from disciplines like humanities, social sciences, behavioral sciences, laws etc. Industrial Relations in India: In the pre-1991 era the conflicts and disputes in the organization were addressed through excessive labor legislations. The laws were protective in nature and covered all the aspects of the workplace like layoffs, wage issues, incentives etc. In due course of time it was realized that these laws were protective in nature and that they led to organizational inefficiency. With the advent of globalization the protective nature of these laws proved inadequate for the Indian industry to remain competitive as it was very rigid and did not allow the Indian manufacturers to compete in the global market. Post liberalization the laws favored the industrialists and they began schemes like employee reduction and the voluntary retirement schemes. Thus we can distinctively notice that globalization brought some symbolic changes in the Industrial Relations in India. They may be summed up briefly as follows: a. Decentralization the collective bargaining in almost all the sectors. b. During an expansionary phase of the economy there is a shortage of able managers and skilled labor. c. The number of unions has increased significantly but their influence has diminished. d. In the banking sector, for example, some unions are putting up a united front. e. Internal Unions are being pushed by employers which essentially imply that no external affiliation is being sought for. f. Training and skill development are seen as an important part of work place. Aim of Industrial Relations: The major aim of Industrial Relations is to safeguard the interest of the labors and the employees as a whole by a sense of mutual agreement and understanding between the two parties. It helps to reduce conflicts and strife between the parties for a harmonious existence of the Indian industry. It also ensures that a high level of productivity is ensured. They also help to reduce the strikes, lock-outs and other forms of blockades by facilitating mutual understanding and consent. The Industrial Relations policies also ensure that an environment of Industrial Democracy is maintained for the benefit of the industry and the country as a whole. More government control in order to regulate the sectors which are at loss so that public interest at large can be safeguarded. Socializations or rationalization of industries by making the state a major employer in itself. Ill Effects of Poor Industrial Relations: Poor industrial relations policies hinder the normal functioning of the industry thereby affecting the entire economy as a whole. It may be noted that the direct loss to a particular plant may not be huge due a conflict but the cumulative loss to the economy is enormous. If we do not have a robust policy in place then there would be rigidity to change in this dynamic situation. As a matter of fact every employee works not only to earn but also to satisfy his egoistic and social needs. Poor industrial relations policies take a heavy toll on human behavior in terms of tension. Thus proper policies need to be in place to maintain cordiality and avoid social tension. Contract Labor in India: An employee is called a contract laborer when he is hired through a contractor. They can be termed as indirect employees who are essentially hired, supervised and paid by a contractor. The contractor is paid in turn by the establishment who needs these contract laborers. However, contract laborers must not be employed when the work is perennial and will continue on a daily basis, when the work is enough to employ full time workers. The Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act came into being in 1970 and the Contract Labor Central Rules came into effect in the year 1971. The main objectives of these laws were to regulate the employment of Contract Laborers and to provide for its abolition under certain circumstances. The law lays certain rules and regulations with regard to hiring of contract labor, their wages, working conditions etc. As per the guidelines the law is applicable to any industry which engages more than 20 workers on a contract basis. The steps involved in hiring the contract labor are: Enquiry Offers Comparative Statement Negotiation Award the Contract The Act also has provisions that define certain amenities that need to be provided to the contract laborers. These may be the establishment of canteens, rest room arrangements, sufficient drinking water facilities, and first aid. It is to be noted that these amenities are made obligatory by the Act. If the contractor fails to pay the wages to the workers the Principal Employer is liable to make the payment. The system of contract labor has allowed firms tremendous flexibility to choose what is in their best interests. If it were not present companies would have to go for technological restructuring which in turn would mean less number of permanent employees. The Trade Unions however opposed this act as this meant reduction in permanent employment. Also, as the contract laborers belong to the weaker sections of the society they may be deprived of the benefits. The amount of time consumed in coordinating with the contractors and the sub-contractors would also be much more as compared to the regular employment.

Examining Four Types of Diversity Essay -- demographics, culture, profe

While diversity is often a term used to refer specifically to cultural differences, diversity applies to all the qualities that make people different. From a management perspective, the key to diversity is to understand how different types of diversity and different demographic characteristics can impact human behavior. The four types of diversity that will be examined are: occupation, differences in skills and abilities, personality traits, and value and attitudes. For each type of diversity, the impact on individual behavior will be described. One type of diversity is occupation. For example, an individual in a professional occupation is more likely to make his or her own decisions and is also more likely to reject being managed too strongly. The case of a medical doctor is one example. A medical doctor considers themselves an expert on their area and is also likely to consider that nobody else has the same expertise. Based on this, the individual is likely to make his or her own decisions and to act independently. The same also applies to other professional occupations such as lawyers and scientists. This can be contrasted with positions that are generally considered as requiring less expertise. For example, a salesperson or a secretary would be more likely to accept that their role is a support function, with this meaning that they are less likely to act independently and more likely to take direction. Another important aspect of occupation is that a person's behaviors will change based on the role of that occupat ion. In short, most people will adapt their behavior to match it with what they consider expected behavior for that role. For example, an individual in a supervisory role ... ...ive for the organization and negative for themselves. This shows how values and attitudes influence individual behavior. From this paper one can see that diversity is much more than just cultural differences. Occupation, differences in skills and abilities, personality traits, and values and attitudes are just a few of the types of diversity that impact individual behavior. Diversity is everything that makes up a person from birth. All life experiences play a part in the make up of diversity. References Daft, R.L. (1997). Management. Fort Worth, TX: The Dryden Press. Kandola, R., & Fullerton, J. (2000). "Diversity: More than just an empty slogan." The Effective Manager: Perspective and Illustrations. Ed. Jon Billsberry. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications: 287-294. Seamon, J.G., & Kenrick, D.T. (1994). Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Claudius has been presented in the theatre as a worthy King Essay

Claudius has been presented in the theatre as a worthy King and Polonius as an amiable and sensible father. What is your response to the ways in which Shakespeare presents one of these characters? It is hard to judge the character of Polonius in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, due to the fact Shakespeare presents many of the events not only through Hamlet’s eyes, but the eyes of Polonius’ children and the King, and through these different people he is presented in different ways. However, there is a great deal more to this multi-faceted character in the play, as his presence and actions in the play is of great importance, before and after his death. Polonius is presented in different ways in various stage productions; usually, he is presented as a wise man, and one with great influence upon his son and daughter, Laertes and Ophelia, and of a man highly respected by King Claudius, Queen Gertrude and the people of Denmark. Despite this, he can become a rather comic character, if the company wishes Hamlet to be presented more positively. As Polonius is presented through different productions in different ways, it is difficult to evaluate his true nature. As the play is largely presented through Hamlet’s eyes, it is from him we draw many of our opinions. It is eventually Hamlet that kills Polonius, stabbing him through the arras, and Hamlet who sends him off with such harsh words as â€Å"a foolish, prating knave†; it can be said that he encompasses aspects of this statement, as we see in different parts of the play. However, to be deeply cynical of Polonius is somewhat hard to do. Polonius, in the eyes of Claudius, the Queen, the words and actions of Laertes, Ophelia and the Danish people, and the obediency of Reynaldo give us a more reasoned insight into Polonius. Polonius can be seen as foolish mainly when talking to his servant, Reynaldo, wherein he directs Reynaldo as to how to spy on Laertes. During his speech, Polonius gets wrapped up in his own words, and seems to lose the points he is trying to get across; â€Å"And then, sir, does a’ this – he does – what was I about to say? By the mass I was about to say something. Where did I leave?†; Shakespeare also transfers from blank verse into prose, accentuating Polonius’ loss of grip. However, this may actually be cleverly checking if Reynaldo is listening; the fact he quotes him directly back â€Å"At ‘closes in the consequence’, at ‘friend or so’, / and, ‘gentlemen'† suggests many positive factors. For one, it is a reflection on Polonius’ authority and importance that Reynaldo remains attentive and quotes him back perfectly. Also, if this is a trick, Polonius may feel the matter is so important to his son’s welfare that he needs to test Reynaldo to see if he really is listening so that the surveillance can be perfectly executed. Polonius may be seen to lose his grip in his bouts of prating to the King and Queen in parts of the play too. His speech to Claudius and Gertrude concerning Hamlet’s madness is a prime example of Polonius’ prattling, as we see in his long-winded build up to his conclusion, that Hamlet is mad; Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,  And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,  I will be brief. Your noble son is mad.†.

Free Essays on Emily Dickinson - She Rose to His Requirement

â€Å"She Rose to His Requirement† – Images, Theme, and Relevance Emily Dickinson is an extremely respected, renowned, and talented poet. Her poems contain images and some themes that are still relevant to today’s world. Her use of images aids readers in visualizing her theme. In She Rose to His Requirement, Dickinson depicts images of a young woman’s potential being denied through the theme of supposed female inferiority that still exists somewhat in the modern world. The images that Emily Dickinson presents in She Rose to His Requirement are of a young woman about to be married and lose her characteristics in the process. â€Å"She rose to his requirement, dropped/The playthings of her life.† (ll. 1-2) The image that is presented in these lines is of a young woman that is about to get married, and drop her personal characteristics. Additional metaphoric images that are displayed are the pearl and the weed in the sea. â€Å"It lay unmentioned, as the sea/Develops pearl and weed.† (ll. 9-10) The image of a pearl is generally a precious development of nature, while weed’s image is not regarded as anything spectacular. Both the pearl and the weed are developed under the sea, but one is more precious than the other. In society, the pearl is man and the weed is woman. By comparing the woman in the poem to the weed in the sea, it shows that even if the woman has potential, her worth will remain unchanged. Emily Dickinson is using She Rose to His Requirement to show what a woman has to give up when she is married. If aught she missed in her new day Of amplitude, or awe, Or first prospective, or the gold In using wore away, It lay unmentioned†¦ (ll. 5-9) Dickinson discusses and gives examples of how a woman’s potential is less significant than that of a man’s. If the woman was unhappy with her marriage, she had to remain quiet; one of the things a woman has to give up after marriage is her opinion.... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson - She Rose to His Requirement Free Essays on Emily Dickinson - She Rose to His Requirement â€Å"She Rose to His Requirement† – Images, Theme, and Relevance Emily Dickinson is an extremely respected, renowned, and talented poet. Her poems contain images and some themes that are still relevant to today’s world. Her use of images aids readers in visualizing her theme. In She Rose to His Requirement, Dickinson depicts images of a young woman’s potential being denied through the theme of supposed female inferiority that still exists somewhat in the modern world. The images that Emily Dickinson presents in She Rose to His Requirement are of a young woman about to be married and lose her characteristics in the process. â€Å"She rose to his requirement, dropped/The playthings of her life.† (ll. 1-2) The image that is presented in these lines is of a young woman that is about to get married, and drop her personal characteristics. Additional metaphoric images that are displayed are the pearl and the weed in the sea. â€Å"It lay unmentioned, as the sea/Develops pearl and weed.† (ll. 9-10) The image of a pearl is generally a precious development of nature, while weed’s image is not regarded as anything spectacular. Both the pearl and the weed are developed under the sea, but one is more precious than the other. In society, the pearl is man and the weed is woman. By comparing the woman in the poem to the weed in the sea, it shows that even if the woman has potential, her worth will remain unchanged. Emily Dickinson is using She Rose to His Requirement to show what a woman has to give up when she is married. If aught she missed in her new day Of amplitude, or awe, Or first prospective, or the gold In using wore away, It lay unmentioned†¦ (ll. 5-9) Dickinson discusses and gives examples of how a woman’s potential is less significant than that of a man’s. If the woman was unhappy with her marriage, she had to remain quiet; one of the things a woman has to give up after marriage is her opinion....

Voting essays

Voting essays If you were to ask me a few years ago why voting was important, I wouldnt really have the proper grasp as to why you should. A few years ago, what was on television that night was important to me, American politics were only the video clips that my father watched on the news before I was able to take over with MTV and vegetate mindlessly. Politics was a very foreign concept to me; I always saw it as a very complicated issue. Perhaps due to the fact that whenever a child asked an adult, What is the difference between a Democrat and a Communist? They would give some round about response totally evading the actual answer, only so they could be politically correct and protect any actual real information entering their childs head, for example, they reply with, Well dear, its quite confusing. If people would actually take the time and effort to explain the differences from the previous hypothetical (because there are really so few), our government would be more supported by the people it is supposed to support. Aside from the past Election of 2000, voting is really important. Voting gives the population an equal opportunity completely blind of race, sex, origin, etc. to actually contribute; free from all of the vices our society holds. To go to the voting booth is to say, I care enough about the welfare of my country to come down here to contribute to the progression of a wonderful capitalist society, Americas. (Now if you really want to contribute to a great capitalist society, just remember this handy rule of thumb, Got an R? You get a hole.) Also, if you dont vote, then dont complain. The most pathetic and disgusting thing about democracy is the people that abuse it. If you dont vote, then you have no room to moan and groan about the person elected, and can you guess why? Well, for starters, if you dont vote, you really dont...

Imagine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Imagine - Essay Example This empowers the patient as he or she can now have a greater latitude in taking care of himself or herself because preventing disease is more affordable than treatment. The latter often disenfranchises the have nots and makes health care unjust as social epidemiology suggests that the distribution of disease, impairment and general health care issues are more concentrated in the lower strata of society where people in lower classes have higher rates of mortality and disability. While we agree that this should not be the case, concrete action has to be made to make heath care equitable and universal. And central to this effort of making health care more equitable and universal are nurses whose roles became more demanding now as the new landscape demands more health at lesser cost. This does not mean that nurses should adopt a defeatist attitude and sulk in petty grievance that the nursing profession is already overworked with health care institutions swelling with patients while nurs e ratio are not commensurate. Nurse in fact has to adopt a proactive mindset, to assume greater responsibility in finding ways to provide health care with less. In the long run, these new developments could be good for the patients as it is targeted at preventive care than treatment. But for the time being, nurses have to assume the responsibility of health care backlog as health care becomes more universal. Given these new demands on the profession of nursing of doing more with less, the nurse should be given greater autonomy in the dispensation of his or her duty to optimize his or her capacity to provide care and not be bogged down by unwanted bureaucracy. Nurses should be trusted for their role to be expanded in patient care and to be given more independence in the day to day patient care because just like doctors, they too care for the patients and is bound by an ethical oath of which they have to follow. Just like doctors, nurses also adhere to strict professional code that in cludes beneficence which directs nurses not to inflict any harm to the patient and to be just in providing care based on the patient’s need and not on other consideration. The reiteration of this ethical guidelines of which every nurse is bound to adhere should rest the doubt of anyone who suspects that nurses cannot provide adequate patient care when given more autonomy. In practice, the opposite could be true that could nurses could be more effective both from clinical and personnel management perspective. . This is now necessary because nurses cannot just rely on how things were usually done considering that the present health care is less than the ideal which is now becoming typical in most health care institutions in America because of the lack of budget, qualified personnel, equipment and supplies. This is important to stress because most nursing students today will become nurses in the future and we have to realize now that we should not accept this less than ideal sit uation in nursing. Nurses should not give in to the problems of deteriorating nursing institutions which is now becoming prevalent and acceptable today. We have to be proactive as early as now while we are still learning the ropes of nursing because it will shape our attitude when we become

Why me Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why me - Assignment Example A scan pinpoints the exact position for incision thus the tape can be removed thereafter. When the surgery process sets in, the surgeon has to use a new target tape and trace the anchor points made from the previous target tape. With marks in place, remove the top grid so that the skin and the exact opening can be located with ease. Using the surgical pen, a surgeon can make corrections and make sure the incision point is marked properly. A thorough market research has been made about the intended market of the product and it was overwhelmingly concluded that there is a real need for the product for variety of reasons. First, surgical operations of which it will be used happen every moment of every day. It follows that the market is huge due to the sheer quantity of operations that is made anywhere in the world of which is its use and market. So why me? There are a variety of reasons why I should be trusted. First is I know the business and that second, I have the necessary academic preparation to succeed. While my experience may be limited, my business idea however is revolutionary that has the potential to become big in the near future. The business that I am proposing is grounded on sound economics and sound market research. I did a comprehensive study on the market and discovered that there is an actual and unrealized need for the product that I will be introducing in the market which is the magic tape. All aspects of the business had been inquired and thoroughly researched from the legality of the business to the feasibility, operations and location of the business. In short, the business is grounded on sound market research which indicates the likelihood that it will succeed in the market. I just need to capitalize on this potential by infusion of more capital to grow and serve the market. I am also a person of integrity. I can be trusted with responsibility both in

Service Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Service Marketing - Essay Example From the report it is clear that a service is an activity or benefit that one party can offer to another which is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. In the goods continuum the distinction between products and services is far from clear as one traverses from tangibility to intangibility. The lack of distinction is particularly prominent mid way through this continuum where tangibility and intangibility may gel indistinguishably. However the fact remains that the tangibility dimension of the offering is a critical distinction and can identify a service offering. For instance, in a hotel stay once the stay has been completed nothing tangible is left with customer for preservation except experience, hence hotel stay is a typical person processing service offering. This study stresses that services are not physical. They can neither be possessed nor seen or felt. The tangible indicators of service are few, if any, and they are not good enough indicators to reduce consumer uncertainty. This increases the work of service marketers who must diligently determine how to effectively communicate the service process and the final outcome the consumer will receive -most importantly the quality. The production of the services can't be separated from its consumption. For instance, the production and consumption of a medical examination happen together. One can not store services for future use.

Qualities that a ‘good’ teacher should have Essay Example for Free

Qualities that a ‘good’ teacher should have Essay Task 1 – List 5 qualities that a ‘good’ teacher should have and give reasons for your choices. Which of these qualities do you consider to be more important, and why? 1. a good teacher should really love teaching because in my opinion you cannot be a good teacher if you do not like what you do. 2. a good teacher should be lively and entertaining because children do not like boring teachers, they need somebody who changes learning into pleasure. as my experience schooled children love games and it is one of the best way of encouraging them to take part in the lesson. 3. a good teacher is able to motivate learners as motivation is one of the most important aspects while learning. children who are well motivated are eager to learn thus they learn more. 4. a good teacher should have good rapport and interaction with the class because it is crucial to have a nice atmosphere in the classroom. I believe that children cannot be scared of the teacher, they must like him/her and then they are open and more involved in the lessons. 5. a good teacher should be able to correct student without offending them or affecting their motivation as if he/she does it then the children do not want to take part in the lessons because they are scared of making mistakes. i always tell my students that they shouldnt be scared of making mistakes as nobody is perfect and Im there to correct them. and explain that they are learners so they cant know all of the answers correctly. As far as I am concerned, I really believe that all of the qualities I chose are equal. you really need to have all of them to be a good teacher. it is really difficult for me to decide which one is more important and which one is less important. Task 2 – State what you consider to be the five most important roles of a teacher. Describe each role and say why you think it is important. 1. organizer teacher organizes to do various activities. it is important as children need instruction, need to be organized into groups or pairs. teacher must initiate and finish activities and give feedback. 2. participant teacher participates in the lesson as an equal. it is good  method as children can see that the teacher wants to be a part of the class so it is a good way of gaining trust. 3. observer teacher monitors what is going on in the classroom. it is important as teacher must know the improvement of the students and what needs to be revise. 4. model teacher (native speaker) is the source of real, live English. it is important because sometimes it is the only way for the students to encounter foreign language with foreign accent. native speaker is also a good source of cultural information. 5. assessor teacher gives feedback, correction, evaluates and grades. children want to know whether they make mistakes or not, as they want to improve their skills and try not to make the same mistake again. Task 3 – List 5 qualities you would expect to find in a ‘good’ learner. Which of these qualities do you consider to be more important, and why? 1. a desire to learn it is crucial to want to learn a language as if the students find learning language useless they simply dont want to take part in any activities and they dont want to study. 2. a willingness to ask questions students must ask questions as it is the way of finding more information and also practise their speaking skills. 3. a willingness to listen to the language listening to the language can improve not only listening but also speaking skills. it also helps to gain foreign accent. 4. an ability to think about their own learning process and methods every students is different and prefers different methods of learning. it is important for students to realize which method is the most helpful and useful for them while learning language. 5. an acceptance of error correction students must realize that when teacher corrects them he/she does it not to embarrass them but to improve their learning. students should try not to make the same mistakes over and over again. Task 4 – What are some of the major differences you would expect to find between adult and young learners? Young learners are sometimes less motivated than adults. what is more, young learners are more receptive to the new sounds and grammar. it is widely known that young learners can acquire foreign language faster than adults.  adults has longer history of learning experience than young learners, and they believe they can succeed with the language. Task 5 – List the levels of language ability that learners are often grouped into and give a brief summation of each level: beginner from zero knowledge of English to a very basic one which cannot be quickly or easily activated. elementary students are able to form basic sentence structures and communicate on simple topics. low/pre-intermediate able to communicate and understand a great variety of topics but lacking general fluency and depth of language awareness. still likely to make many errors even with basic structures. intermediate able to understand and communicate on a wide range of issues using limited vocabulary store but still lacking in accuracy and fluency. upper intermediate should be able to actively communicate on almost all topics using a great range of language but still lacking in accuracy. advanced students should have a very good knowledge of the English language and now will be studying more suitable language items. Task 6 – Give as many reasons as possible why students are motivated to study English. The reasons that you give do not have to be in the unit reading material. students are motivated to study English because they realize that English is an international language and you can communicate with almost everyobody all over the world using this language. they know English can improve their future career prospects. they realize it can make their travel abroad much easier. they also want to study English to improve their grades and achieve success in exams. they study because they want to communicate with prints, parents, colleagues. very often they just want to learn language because they are interested in English and English culture.

Analysis of Structuralism in 47 Ronin

Analysis of Structuralism in 47 Ronin THE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURALISM IN A WESTERN FILM ENTITLED 47 RONIN DIRECTED BY CARL RINSCH AS THE IMAGING OF AMERICAN DREAM Capritia Dirgantari ABSTRACT Media or medium in singular form is the main means of mass communication that addressed to society. The author chooses 47 Ronin directed by Carl Rinsch to be the focus of this analysis which specified to discuss the ‘American dream’ that reflecting from this film. The objectives of this analysis are to identify, describe and analyze influences that given by media to the society. The author uses descriptive as the method of this analysis and applies Structuralism theory to examine the scenes of this film that represents the ‘American dream’. Structuralism theory emphasizes how films deliver its meaning by the utilization of languages that are used to establish purposes in communication. The result findings show that film as one of media represents ‘American dream’ that related to the society mindset, unconsciously or consciously. The author hopes the readers get better understanding of Structuralism theory in analyzing a film and comprehend the m eaning of ‘American dream’ that influencing the societies. Keywords: Media, Film, American dream, Structuralism INTRODUCTION The influence of mass media has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. First there were books, newspapers, magazines, photography, sound recordings, films, radio, television, and internet.Nowadays, everyone depends on information and communication to keep their lives moving through their daily activities like work, education, entertainment, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are involved.Societies gather much information that they needed from those media sources. Raymond Williams estimates that media can be defined in three senses: historical sense; technical sense; and etymological sense. Historical sense is an intervening substance or agency and technical sense means medium as communicating message to public. Williams also defines etymological sense of the media as a capitalist sense which developed during the nineteenth century (Williams, 1983). Media became profitable enterprises during this era because its commercials features produce generati ng business for example like advertisements, video clips, and films. America was one of the capitalist states that introduce the famous term of ‘American Dream’ and tons of films have been made in here. The author chooses a western film entitled 47 Ronin directed by Carl Rinsch as the main focus of this analysis to interpret how big ‘American Dream’ influences the public from the structure of this film. 47 Ronin is a 2013 American fantasy action film representing a fictional account of the real group of ronin—a samurai with no master—in 18th era of Japan, who revenged the death of their lord commonly called as ChÃ…Â «shingura. This film was directed by Carl Rinsch and produced by Universal Studios. 47 Ronin costs $152 million for making all scenes and visuals which crowned as the second most expensive box office ever behind The 13th Warrior film (Kit, 2012). Another favored feature of this film is the protagonist character was acted by famous actor Keanu Reeves and other five Japanese actors: Sanada Hiroyuki; Rinko Kikuchi; Tadanobu Asano; Jin Akanishi; and Kou Shibasaki. Universal Studios chooses those five Japanese actors to create better storyline and more genuine than choosing actors who was too mainstream in the United States, even though the scenario in this film giving no resemblance to the origin story of ChÃ…Â «shingura. This film broadly tells about a group of ronin who revenge to the death of their master. The story begins when Lord Asano accompany with samurai of Ako, find an unknown boy—Kai—and allow him to stay in province of Ako. Years later, Lord Asano arranges welcoming event dedicated to the arrival of the Shogun and Lord Kira in Ako. After that, conflicts emerge until Lord Asano penalized to obligating suicide by the Shogun’s order, called as Lord Ieayashu. Time after time the groups of ronin realize this tragedy happened because of Lord Kira, then the group of ronin led by Oishi and Kai sets up for revenge against the Shoguns order (Dresner, 2013). The author chooses this film because it reflects the definition of ‘American Dream’. The definition of ‘American dream’ in this analysis is someone’s struggle for achieving a high position to become recognizable by other people and it has triggered the passion of people from generation to generation (americanradioworks.publicradio.org, 2015). American dream popularized by American people and it is also valid for everyone from other countries to find their opportunities in foreign countries. The American dream offers the freedom of each people to make decisions that render better life; the freedom to wish better dreams; the freedom to gaining prosperity; and the opportunity to lead a dignified life (Adams, 1931). Hence, the author uses Structuralism theory in order to find out the main purpose of this analysis. The structuralism film theory explains in what manner films deliver its meaning by the utilization of languages that are used to establish purp oses in communication (Storey, 2009). An example of this is to understand how combination of scenes can create an additional idea, in this case ‘the American Dream’ portrayed in this film and affecting the societies. ANALYSIS This chapter intends to analyze the implicit meanings from ‘American Dream’ in scenes of 47 Ronin by using Structuralism theory. Structuralism assumes a film or any other kind of media as a signifying system, a set of patterns or relationships within the society. First of all, the author gives a brief explanation about Structuralism theory used in media. Ferdinand de Saussure, the founder of modern structural linguistics in the 1960s, in his essay ‘Object of Study’ theorized his structuralism assessment of language and he also shows the basis of structuralism theory (Eagleton 84). This essay states the role of communication tracts which substituted from one person to other person. Saussure explains that someone must omit the individual act to understand this communication tract, which he has concluded it as social phenomenon (Saussure, 1959). This study related to Claude Levi-Strauss’ the ‘unconscious foundations’ of culture, he argues th at to understand this structure we could correctly comprehend the meaning by discovering the value of myths (Levi-Strauss, 1968: 209). Myths purpose to provide stories that bring peace towards the existence of people. To understand the social meaning of a myth, Will Wright introduces the power of Western which symbolizes deep conceptualization of American social beliefs that contain of three stages: ‘classic’; ‘transition theme’; and ‘professional’ (Wright, 1975). The author describes each stage that mentioned above by proving some scenes taken from 47 Ronin film. According to Wright, the ‘classic’ stage divided into sixteen narrative ‘functions’ (Propp, 1968) which are: The hero enters a social group This happens in the prologue of 47 ronin film when Lord Asano the leader of Ako province saved Kai the protagonist character to live along with Ako society. The hero is unknown to the society In the early beginning of this film, there are scenes that explain the unknown background of the protagonist character. The narrator said, â€Å"No one knows where is he come from or how he arrived in Ako province†. The hero is revealed to have an exceptional ability After Lord Asano takes Kai to his territory, he said that he saw something special inside Kai that no one has seen before. The society recognizes a difference between themselves and the hero. The hero is given a special status This occurs when Oishi, a ronin who asked help from Kai which at the first time Oishi underestimates him. And this recognition continues when Oishi gave him a sword which is inherited from Basho, a comrade who died. The society does not completely accept the hero Unfortunately, one of the other ronin did not accept Kai’s existence in this group. He assumed that Kai is not a samurai and have no clear background of his life. There is a conflict of interests between the villain and the society Meanwhile the antagonist character, Lord Kira has ulterior motive to reigns the Ako province by using witchcraft. The villains are stronger than society. The society is weak In this film, Lord Kira has stronger troops and supernatural beings that can give adverse spells to Ako society. Contrast with Ako society who does not accept any witchcraft and they just rely on human strength. There is a strong respect between the hero and the villain Both Lord Asano and Lord Kira has mutual respect as the leader of province and each year they arrange a friendly competition. The villains threaten the society After Lord Kira made Lord Asano committed suicide—in this context commonly known as hara-kiri, Ako society has no power to avenge his death because it has a big risk to their future. The hero avoids involvement in the conflict When Oishi asked Kai for help, Kai denied it because he feels underestimate at the first time. But then Oishi gives explanation that he was wrong. The villains endanger a friend of the hero Lord Kira launched his second attack by trapping the ronin in a village. This raid laid to two victims of ronin. The hero fights the villains In climax, Kai fight the supernatural beings and Oishi fight Lord Kira. The hero defeats villains The result is the protagonist wins this battle. The society is safe After beheaded Lord Kira’s head, ronin come home and Ako society is safe. The society accepts the hero Ako society and other provinces are accepting Kai as one of the hero who saved Ako province. It is more visible again when Lord Ieyashu gives salute and respect Kai and other ronin as samurai. The hero loses or gives up his special status In the final scene shows that Kai doing hara-kiri as well as the other ronin does in order to uphold the honor as a samurai. These entire sixteen narrative functions give important role to finding the ‘American Dream’ that contains in this film. The author found that entire narrative functions represent the steps of someone’s struggle to achieve recognizable position within the society. And the second stage is ‘transition theme.’ According to Wright, ‘transition theme’ describes about the transition that happened in the protagonist character (Wright, 1975). For example in 47 Ronin, after Kai got banished to a foreign ship, he adapted with his surroundings by keep fighting with other bandits which contrast with his first personality in Ako province. The last is ‘professional’ stage which means as the official position of the protagonist that gives professional identity. This is happened when Kai got recognizable position from the society of Ako province as samurai. Each of the stages that mentioned by Will Wright are interrelated and what has been e xperienced by the protagonist symbolize the definition of ‘American dream.’ According to James Truslow Adams’ book entitled The Epic of America, he states that the American dream is â€Å"a dream which life should be better for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Adams, 1931: 214-215). That is to say, anyone have their right for having big dreams which led them strive to realizing their dreams and how fast they could achieve it depends on the ability of each person. CONCLUSION This conclusion intends to follow up the result of this analysis. Structuralism theory that used to analyze a film entitled 47 Ronin is capable in revealing how the western film industries influence the viewers through the three stages mentioned by Will Wright. Each type of these stages articulates its own mythic version of how to achieve the American dream. The first stage is classical plot, it defines the structure of human achievement by bestowing the relationship, respect, and dignity to differentiate yourself from others. The second stage transition theme argues that companionship and love are alongside with the social status of someone and this stage also reveals how someone’s life change and get a different social status. The last stage is professional plot. This stage argues that respect and companionship are to be achieved only by becoming one of the professional groups. The member of professional group must accept any obligation, responsible of the task that is offer ed, has solidarity to the team, and not competing with the same comrades in any social values. These three stages are representing the ‘American dream’ that is influencing the society nowadays. According to Levi-Strauss, he mentioned that the myth of a society through their structure reveals the communication of a theoretical demand to the members of that society (Wright, 1975: 17). Film portrays reality and reality portrays films. Moreover, the readers should notice that the world is the stage itself and everyone is merely the player. People have their own way to achieve their goals whether they become villain to the society like in ‘transitional theme’, become the professional’ group of the society or maybe become both of them. Hopefully, this analysis can give deeper insight to the readers by knowing influences given by the media especially in a film like 47 Ronin. REFERENCES Adams, James Truslow. The Epic of America. New York: Simon Publications, 2001. Dresner, Jonathan. The Many Things 47 Ronin Gets Wrong About Shogun-Era Japan (And the One Thing It Gets Right). http://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/154304 USA: 2013. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minnesota: The University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Ellis, Kate, Ellen Guettler. A Better Life: Creating The American Dream. http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/americandream/ USA: American Public Media, 2015. Kit, Borys. Universal Pushes Back Keanu Reeves 47 Ronin. New York: The Hollywood Reporter, 2012. Levi-Strauss, Claude. Structural Anthropology. Hammondsworth: Penguin Books, 1968. Saussure, Ferdinand. Course in General Linguistics. New York: Philosophical Library, 1959. Storey, John. Cultural Theories and Popular Culture: An Introduction. 5th Ed. Pearson, 2009. Williams, Raymond. A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Rev. Ed. New York: Oxford University Press,1983. Wright, Will. Sixguns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western. California: University of California Press, 1975.

Forming the Pomegranate :: Fruits Foods Papers

Forming the Pomegranate pome ·gran ·ate Punica granatum Punicaceae Derived from Old French pome grenate: pome for apple and grenate, having many seeds. And there is also Latin: grantus, granum, grain, seed. This skin of a pomegranate is like tissue, the inside of the body, like blood clotting. Soft tissue. At least twenty-seven different hues of red. Or any other number, perhaps it is more. Pomegranate red when a lip is bitten, the inside of the mouth--soft tissues of the mouth. The fruit's body is deformed, rough, parched. Gentle dents, the kind found upon a child's skull--the way the cranial bones fuse together. Parched, callused: I think of browning manuscripts in libraries; I think of hands. I have one here I am trying to dry, letting it shrivel, concave upon itself. I am letting the dark, damp seeds inside wither. I place it in the fall of the sun, beneath my window. The pomegranate fits my hand, my palm that agrees to the rises and slopes of the fruit. My fingers curling across the indentations, uneven red ground. When Demeter, the goddess of the earth, lost her daughter Persephone, she made winter. The god of the underworld, pale Hades, saw the beautiful child (one can never help with whom they fall in love) and from his chariot he clasp the girl, descending into his dark land. He would have said I loved her because she was so light. Upon the earth the people were confused by the new cold and still Demeter refused spring until her daughter was returned. The other gods demanded of Hades the release of Persephone. In that dark land, soil as sky and all creatures a languid shade of gray, Persephone ate of a pomegranate. She ate six seeds and those small seeds, Hades' artifice, bound her to him for six months of the year, always. And so she rose to Demeter and still must return again to her melancholy groom, every year the same footsteps, the same chariot of black horses. Pomegranate beneath the soil, a muted shade of gray and seeds also a color she did not recognize. Pomegranate, which is regarded as food for the dead. I learned this fruit's story: pomegranate's origins in Iran, in the Himalayas. Later certain travelers carried its seeds on their journeys across the Mediterranean. It now claims many lands: India, Southeast Asia, the East Indies, tropical Africa.